def foo(arg, a):
    x = 1
    y = 'xxxxxx'
    for i in range(10):
        j = 1
        k = i
    print(locals())
#调用函数的打印结果
foo(1,2)
[python@master test]$ python3 f.py 
{'arg': 1, 'a': 2, 'x': 1, 'y': 'xxxxxx', 'i': 9, 'j': 1, 'k': 9}

#coding:utf-8  
'''This is my first python program!'''  
z = 7 #定义全局变量 
def foo(arg):  
  x = 1  
  print(locals()) 
  print ('x=',x) 
  locals()['x'] = 2 #修改的是局部名字空间的拷贝，而实际的局部名字空间中的变量值并无影响。 
  print(locals()) 
  print("x=",x)
 
foo(3)  
print(globals()) 
print('z=',z) 
globals()["z"] = 8 #globals（）返回的是实际的全局名字空间，修改变量z的值 
print(globals()) 
print("z=",z) 
[python@master test]$ python3 h.py 
{'arg': 3, 'x': 1}
x= 1
{'arg': 3, 'x': 1}
x= 1
{'__name__': '__main__', '__doc__': 'This is my first python program!', '__package__': None, '__loader__': <_frozen_importlib_external.SourceFileLoader object at 0x7fb2f23db400>, '__spec__': None, '__annotations__': {}, '__builtins__': <module 'builtins' (built-in)>, '__file__': 'h.py', '__cached__': None, 'z': 7, 'foo': <function foo at 0x7fb2f245d1e0>}
z= 7
{'__name__': '__main__', '__doc__': 'This is my first python program!', '__package__': None, '__loader__': <_frozen_importlib_external.SourceFileLoader object at 0x7fb2f23db400>, '__spec__': None, '__annotations__': {}, '__builtins__': <module 'builtins' (built-in)>, '__file__': 'h.py', '__cached__': None, 'z': 8, 'foo': <function foo at 0x7fb2f245d1e0>}
z= 8