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查找适用于matplotlib的中文字体名称与实际文件名对应关系的方法
脚本专栏 2024/12/23 佚名
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问题来源

如何在matplotlib中使用中文字体是老问题了，相关文章非常多。
前几天有人问我如何知道中文字体名称和实际文件的对应关系时，才想起来原来没思考过这个问题，只能让他记住字体与文件的对应关系或者去fonts目录查看。
难道真的就没有稍微自动化、智能化的查看支持matplotlib的字体名称与文件的对应关系的方法？

问题解决步骤

matplotlib与字体相关的模块是font_manager，观察源码font_manager.py可知：

1. matplotlib支持哪种类型的字体？

def get_fontext_synonyms(fontext):
  """
  Return a list of file extensions extensions that are synonyms for
  the given file extension *fileext*.
  """
  return {
    'afm': ['afm'],
    'otf': ['otf', 'ttc', 'ttf'],
    'ttc': ['otf', 'ttc', 'ttf'],
    'ttf': ['otf', 'ttc', 'ttf'],
  }[fontext]

由此可知matplotlib只支持ttf和afm字体。

  • ‘ttf': TrueType and OpenType fonts (.ttf, .ttc, .otf)
  • ‘afm': Adobe Font Metrics (.afm)

2. matplotlib如何查找系统字体？

findSystemFonts模块函数的作用是查找系统字体。
def findSystemFonts(fontpaths=None, fontext='ttf'): -->list
参数fontext默认值为'ttf'，另外还支持值'afm'。
参数fontpaths默认值是None。
对于fontpaths有两种种情况。

fontpaths为None

函数会判断操作系统，如果是Windows，调用函数win32InstalledFonts，如果不是Windows，调用函数get_fontconfig_fonts。

对于Windows，函数win32InstalledFonts到以下路径查找。

# OS Font paths
MSFolders =   r'Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\Shell Folders'
MSFontDirectories = [
  r'SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Fonts',
  r'SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Fonts']
MSUserFontDirectories = [
  str(Path.home() / 'AppData/Local/Microsoft/Windows/Fonts'),
  str(Path.home() / 'AppData/Roaming/Microsoft/Windows/Fonts'),
]

对于非Windows操作系统，函数get_fontconfig_fonts主要依托fontconfig包（即fc-list命令）查找字体，要求fontconfig>=2.7。

fontpaths不为None

当fontpaths不为None时，通过list_fonts()函数查找字体。
list_fonts()函数其实一个通用的按路径、扩展名递归遍历文件路径的函数。

def list_fonts(directory, extensions):
  """
  Return a list of all fonts matching any of the extensions, found
  recursively under the directory.
  """
  extensions = ["." + ext for ext in extensions]
  return [os.path.join(dirpath, filename)
      # os.walk ignores access errors, unlike Path.glob.
      for dirpath, _, filenames in os.walk(directory)
      for filename in filenames
      if Path(filename).suffix.lower() in extensions]

3.matplotlib如何查找matplotlib自带字体？

安装matplotlib时，会在site-packages\matplotlib\mpl-data\fonts目录放置一系列字体。

通过源码可知fonts目录下有'ttf', 'afm', 'pdfcorefonts'3个子目录。

paths = [cbook._get_data_path('fonts', subdir)
         for subdir in ['ttf', 'afm', 'pdfcorefonts']]
In [1]: import matplotlib.cbook as cbook
In [2]: paths = [cbook._get_data_path('fonts', subdir)  for subdir in ['ttf', 'afm', 'pdfcorefonts']]
In [3]: paths
Out[4]:
[WindowsPath('c:/users/administrator/appdata/local/programs/python/python37/lib/site-packages/matplotlib/mpl-data/fonts/ttf'),
 WindowsPath('c:/users/administrator/appdata/local/programs/python/python37/lib/site-packages/matplotlib/mpl-data/fonts/afm'),
 WindowsPath('c:/users/administrator/appdata/local/programs/python/python37/lib/site-packages/matplotlib/mpl-data/fonts/pdfcorefonts')]

4.matplotlib如何生成字体列表？

FontManager类是matplotlib管理字体的重要类，是一个单例类。FontManager实例在构造后会创建一个ttf字体列表和一个afm字体列表，并会缓存他们的字体属性。
下面简单看看ttflist、afmlist列表的元素的属性。

In [1]: import matplotlib.font_manager as mf
In [2]: ttflist=mf.FontManager().ttflist
In [3]: vars(ttflist[0])
Out[3]:
{'fname': 'c:\\users\\administrator\\appdata\\local\\programs\\python\\python37\\lib\\site-packages\\matplotlib\\mpl-data\\fonts\\ttf\\DejaVuSansMono-BoldOblique.ttf',
 'name': 'DejaVu Sans Mono',
 'style': 'oblique',
 'variant': 'normal',
 'weight': 700,
 'stretch': 'normal',
 'size': 'scalable'}
In [4]: len(ttflist)
Out[4]: 252
In [5]: afmlist=mf.FontManager().afmlist
In [6]: vars(afmlist[0])
Out[6]:
{'fname': 'c:\\users\\administrator\\appdata\\local\\programs\\python\\python37\\lib\\site-packages\\matplotlib\\mpl-data\\fonts\\afm\\pagko8a.afm',
 'name': 'ITC Avant Garde Gothic',
 'style': 'italic',
 'variant': 'normal',
 'weight': 'book',
 'stretch': 'normal',
 'size': 'scalable'}
In [7]: len(afmlist)
Out[7]: 60

5.matplotlib的字体属性缓存在哪里？

前面了解到matplotlib会缓存字体属性那在什么位置呢？
根据源码可知，字体缓存的所在目录是.matplotlib，缓存文件是fontlist-v330.json（文件名与版本有关）。在某些老版本的matplotlib中字体缓存文件名是fontList.cache。

_fmcache = os.path.join(
  mpl.get_cachedir(), 'fontlist-v{}.json'.format(FontManager.__version__))
In [1]: import matplotlib
In [2]: matplotlib.get_cachedir()
Out[2]: 'C:\\Users\\Administrator\\.matplotlib'

6. 怎么知道哪些字体是中文字体？

虽然在前面已经知道matplotlib会把系统字体和自带字体信息存放在ttflist和afmlist中，但是在这些字体信息中也不容易确定哪些是中文字体。
通过资料查找有3种方法：

查看Windows的fonts系统目录中显示的字体名称和文件名属性。这种方法效率太低！

通过注册表项[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Fonts]查看字体名和字体文件名称映射。这种方法一些系统字体仍然看不到汉字名称。

查找适用于matplotlib的中文字体名称与实际文件名对应关系的方法

根据第1种方法想到了去查字体文件的元数据，Python相关的库有两个：fonttools，作者是老爹Guido的弟弟Just van Rossum；TTFQuery，基于fonttools的TTF包，只能查看TTF文件而且最后更新日期是2012年。

TTFQery项目地址https://pypi.org/project/TTFQuery/
源码中有些小问题，源码不算复杂，直接修改。

import sys
from fontTools.ttLib import TTFont
from fontTools.ttLib.ttCollection import TTCollection

UNICODE_ENCODINGS = {0: 'Unicode 1.0 semantics',
           1: 'Unicode 1.1 semantics',
           2: 'Unicode 1.1 semantics',
           3: 'Unicode 2.0 and onwards semantics, Unicode BMP only (cmap subtable formats 0, 4, 6).',
           4: 'Unicode 2.0 and onwards semantics, Unicode full repertoire (cmap subtable formats 0, 4, 6, 10, 12).',
           5: 'Unicode Variation Sequences (cmap subtable format 14).',
           6: 'Unicode Variation Sequences (cmap subtable format 14).'}


WINDOWS_ENCODINGS = {0: 'Symbol',
           1: 'Unicode BMP(UCS-2)',
           2: 'ShiftJIS',
           3: 'PRC',
           4: 'Big5',
           5: 'Wansung',
           6: 'Johab',
           7: 'Reserved',
           8: 'Reserved',
           9: 'Reserved',
           10: 'Unicode UCS-4'}


WINDOWS_LANGUAGES = {1025: 'Arabic/Saudi Arabia',
           1026: 'Bulgarian/Bulgaria',
           1027: 'Catalan/Catalan',
           1028: 'Chinese/Taiwan',
           1029: 'Czech/Czech Republic',
           1030: 'Danish/Denmark',
           1031: 'German/Germany',
           1032: 'Greek/Greece',
           1033: 'English/United States',
           1034: 'Spanish (Traditional Sort)/Spain',
           1035: 'Finnish/Finland',
           1036: 'French/France',
           1037: 'Hebrew/Israel',
           1038: 'Hungarian/Hungary',
           1039: 'Icelandic/Iceland',
           1040: 'Italian/Italy',
           1041: 'Japanese/Japan',
           1042: 'Korean/Korea',
           1043: 'Dutch/Netherlands',
           1044: 'Norwegian (Bokmal)/Norway',
           1045: 'Polish/Poland',
           1046: 'Portuguese/Brazil',
           1047: 'Romansh/Switzerland',
           1048: 'Romanian/Romania',
           1049: 'Russian/Russia',
           1050: 'Croatian/Croatia',
           1051: 'Slovak/Slovakia',
           1052: 'Albanian/Albania',
           1053: 'Swedish/Sweden',
           1054: 'Thai/Thailand',
           1055: 'Turkish/Turkey',
           1056: 'Urdu/Islamic Republic of Pakistan',
           1057: 'Indonesian/Indonesia',
           1058: 'Ukrainian/Ukraine',
           1059: 'Belarusian/Belarus',
           1060: 'Slovenian/Slovenia',
           1061: 'Estonian/Estonia',
           1062: 'Latvian/Latvia',
           1063: 'Lithuanian/Lithuania',
           1064: 'Tajik (Cyrillic)/Tajikistan',
           1066: 'Vietnamese/Vietnam',
           1067: 'Armenian/Armenia',
           1068: 'Azeri (Latin)/Azerbaijan',
           1069: 'Basque/Basque',
           1070: 'Upper Sorbian/Germany',
           1071: 'Macedonian (FYROM)/Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia',
           1074: 'Setswana/South Africa',
           1076: 'isiXhosa/South Africa',
           1077: 'isiZulu/South Africa',
           1078: 'Afrikaans/South Africa',
           1079: 'Georgian/Georgia',
           1080: 'Faroese/Faroe Islands',
           1081: 'Hindi/India',
           1082: 'Maltese/Malta',
           1083: 'Sami (Northern)/Norway',
           1086: 'Malay/Malaysia',
           1087: 'Kazakh/Kazakhstan',
           1088: 'Kyrgyz/Kyrgyzstan',
           1089: 'Kiswahili/Kenya',
           1090: 'Turkmen/Turkmenistan',
           1091: 'Uzbek (Latin)/Uzbekistan',
           1092: 'Tatar/Russia',
           1093: 'Bengali/India',
           1094: 'Punjabi/India',
           1095: 'Gujarati/India',
           1096: 'Odia (formerly Oriya)/India',
           1097: 'Tamil/India',
           1098: 'Telugu/India',
           1099: 'Kannada/India',
           1100: 'Malayalam/India',
           1101: 'Assamese/India',
           1102: 'Marathi/India',
           1103: 'Sanskrit/India',
           1104: 'Mongolian (Cyrillic)/Mongolia',
           1105: 'Tibetan/PRC',
           1106: 'Welsh/United Kingdom',
           1107: 'Khmer/Cambodia',
           1108: 'Lao/Lao P.D.R.',
           1110: 'Galician/Galician',
           1111: 'Konkani/India',
           1114: 'Syriac/Syria',
           1115: 'Sinhala/Sri Lanka',
           1117: 'Inuktitut/Canada',
           1118: 'Amharic/Ethiopia',
           1121: 'Nepali/Nepal',
           1122: 'Frisian/Netherlands',
           1123: 'Pashto/Afghanistan',
           1124: 'Filipino/Philippines',
           1125: 'Divehi/Maldives',
           1128: 'Hausa (Latin)/Nigeria',
           1130: 'Yoruba/Nigeria',
           1131: 'Quechua/Bolivia',
           1132: 'Sesotho sa Leboa/South Africa',
           1133: 'Bashkir/Russia',
           1134: 'Luxembourgish/Luxembourg',
           1135: 'Greenlandic/Greenland',
           1136: 'Igbo/Nigeria',
           1144: 'Yi/PRC',
           1146: 'Mapudungun/Chile',
           1148: 'Mohawk/Mohawk',
           1150: 'Breton/France',
           1152: 'Uighur/PRC',
           1153: 'Maori/New Zealand',
           1154: 'Occitan/France',
           1155: 'Corsican/France',
           1156: 'Alsatian/France',
           1157: 'Yakut/Russia',
           1158: "K'iche/Guatemala",
           1159: 'Kinyarwanda/Rwanda',
           1160: 'Wolof/Senegal',
           1164: 'Dari/Afghanistan',
           2049: 'Arabic/Iraq',
           2052: "Chinese/People's Republic of China",
           2055: 'German/Switzerland',
           2057: 'English/United Kingdom',
           2058: 'Spanish/Mexico',
           2060: 'French/Belgium',
           2064: 'Italian/Switzerland',
           2067: 'Dutch/Belgium',
           2068: 'Norwegian (Nynorsk)/Norway',
           2070: 'Portuguese/Portugal',
           2074: 'Serbian (Latin)/Serbia',
           2077: 'Sweden/Finland',
           2092: 'Azeri (Cyrillic)/Azerbaijan',
           2094: 'Lower Sorbian/Germany',
           2107: 'Sami (Northern)/Sweden',
           2108: 'Irish/Ireland',
           2110: 'Malay/Brunei Darussalam',
           2115: 'Uzbek (Cyrillic)/Uzbekistan',
           2117: 'Bengali/Bangladesh',
           2128: "Mongolian (Traditional)/People's Republic of China",
           2141: 'Inuktitut (Latin)/Canada',
           2143: 'Tamazight (Latin)/Algeria',
           2155: 'Quechua/Ecuador',
           3073: 'Arabic/Egypt',
           3076: 'Chinese/Hong Kong S.A.R.',
           3079: 'German/Austria',
           3081: 'English/Australia',
           3082: 'Spanish (Modern Sort)/Spain',
           3084: 'French/Canada',
           3098: 'Serbian (Cyrillic)/Serbia',
           3131: 'Sami (Northern)/Finland',
           3179: 'Quechua/Peru',
           4097: 'Arabic/Libya',
           4100: 'Chinese/Singapore',
           4103: 'German/Luxembourg',
           4105: 'English/Canada',
           4106: 'Spanish/Guatemala',
           4108: 'French/Switzerland',
           4122: 'Croatian (Latin)/Bosnia and Herzegovina',
           4155: 'Sami (Lule)/Norway',
           5121: 'Arabic/Algeria',
           5124: 'Chinese/Macao S.A.R.',
           5127: 'German/Liechtenstein',
           5129: 'English/New Zealand',
           5130: 'Spanish/Costa Rica',
           5132: 'French/Luxembourg',
           5146: 'Bosnian (Latin)/Bosnia and Herzegovina',
           5179: 'Sami (Lule)/Sweden',
           6145: 'Arabic/Morocco',
           6153: 'English/Ireland',
           6154: 'Spanish/Panama',
           6156: 'French/Principality of Monaco',
           6170: 'Serbian (Latin)/Bosnia and Herzegovina',
           6203: 'Sami (Southern)/Norway',
           7169: 'Arabic/Tunisia',
           7177: 'English/South Africa',
           7178: 'Spanish/Dominican Republic',
           7194: 'Serbian (Cyrillic)/Bosnia and Herzegovina',
           7227: 'Sami (Southern)/Sweden',
           8193: 'Arabic/Oman',
           8201: 'English/Jamaica',
           8202: 'Spanish/Venezuela',
           8218: 'Bosnian (Cyrillic)/Bosnia and Herzegovina',
           8251: 'Sami (Skolt)/Finland',
           9217: 'Arabic/Yemen',
           9225: 'English/Caribbean',
           9226: 'Spanish/Colombia',
           9275: 'Sami (Inari)/Finland',
           10241: 'Arabic/Syria',
           10249: 'English/Belize',
           10250: 'Spanish/Peru',
           11265: 'Arabic/Jordan',
           11273: 'English/Trinidad and Tobago',
           11274: 'Spanish/Argentina',
           12289: 'Arabic/Lebanon',
           12297: 'English/Zimbabwe',
           12298: 'Spanish/Ecuador',
           13313: 'Arabic/Kuwait',
           13321: 'English/Republic of the Philippines',
           13322: 'Spanish/Chile',
           14337: 'Arabic/U.A.E.',
           14346: 'Spanish/Uruguay',
           15361: 'Arabic/Bahrain',
           15370: 'Spanish/Paraguay',
           16385: 'Arabic/Qatar',
           16393: 'English/India',
           16394: 'Spanish/Bolivia',
           17417: 'English/Malaysia',
           17418: 'Spanish/El Salvador',
           18441: 'English/Singapore',
           18442: 'Spanish/Honduras',
           19466: 'Spanish/Nicaragua',
           20490: 'Spanish/Puerto Rico',
           21514: 'Spanish/United States'}

MACINTOSH_ENCODINGS = {0: 'Roman',
            1: 'Japanese',
            2: 'Chinese',
            3: 'Korean',
            4: 'Arabic',
            5: 'Hebrew',
            6: 'Greek',
            7: 'Russian',
            8: 'RSymbol',
            9: 'Devanagari',
            10: 'Gurmukhi',
            11: 'Gujarati',
            12: 'Oriya',
            13: 'Bengali',
            14: 'Tamil',
            15: 'Telugu',
            16: 'Kannada',
            17: 'Malayalam',
            18: 'Sinhalese',
            19: 'Burmese',
            20: 'Khmer',
            21: 'Thai',
            22: 'Laotian',
            23: 'Georgian',
            24: 'Armenian',
            25: 'Chinese',
            26: 'Tibetan',
            27: 'Mongolian',
            28: 'Geez',
            29: 'Slavic',
            30: 'Vietnamese',
            31: 'Sindhi',
            32: 'Uninterpreted'}

MACINTOSH_LANGUAGES = {0: 'English',
            1: 'French',
            2: 'German',
            3: 'Italian',
            4: 'Dutch',
            5: 'Swedish',
            6: 'Spanish',
            7: 'Danish',
            8: 'Portuguese',
            9: 'Norwegian',
            10: 'Hebrew',
            11: 'Japanese',
            12: 'Arabic',
            13: 'Finnish',
            14: 'Inuktitut',
            15: 'Icelandic',
            16: 'Maltese',
            17: 'Turkish',
            18: 'Croatian',
            19: 'Chinese (Traditional)',
            20: 'Urdu',
            21: 'Hindi',
            22: 'Thai',
            23: 'Korean',
            24: 'Lithuanian',
            25: 'Polish',
            26: 'Hungarian',
            27: 'Estonian',
            28: 'Latvian',
            29: 'Sami',
            30: 'Faroese',
            31: 'Farsi/Persian',
            32: 'Russian',
            33: 'Chinese (Simplified)',
            34: 'Flemish',
            35: 'Irish Gaelic',
            36: 'Albanian',
            37: 'Romanian',
            38: 'Czech',
            39: 'Slovak',
            40: 'Slovenian',
            41: 'Yiddish',
            42: 'Serbian',
            43: 'Macedonian',
            44: 'Bulgarian',
            45: 'Ukrainian',
            46: 'Byelorussian',
            47: 'Uzbek',
            48: 'Kazakh',
            49: 'Azerbaijani (Cyrillic script)',
            50: 'Azerbaijani (Arabic script)',
            51: 'Armenian',
            52: 'Georgian',
            53: 'Moldavian',
            54: 'Kirghiz',
            55: 'Tajiki',
            56: 'Turkmen',
            57: 'Mongolian (Mongolian script)',
            58: 'Mongolian (Cyrillic script)',
            59: 'Pashto',
            60: 'Kurdish',
            61: 'Kashmiri',
            62: 'Sindhi',
            63: 'Tibetan',
            64: 'Nepali',
            65: 'Sanskrit',
            66: 'Marathi',
            67: 'Bengali',
            68: 'Assamese',
            69: 'Gujarati',
            70: 'Punjabi',
            71: 'Oriya',
            72: 'Malayalam',
            73: 'Kannada',
            74: 'Tamil',
            75: 'Telugu',
            76: 'Sinhalese',
            77: 'Burmese',
            78: 'Khmer',
            79: 'Lao',
            80: 'Vietnamese',
            81: 'Indonesian',
            82: 'Tagalong',
            83: 'Malay (Roman script)',
            84: 'Malay (Arabic script)',
            85: 'Amharic',
            86: 'Tigrinya',
            87: 'Galla',
            88: 'Somali',
            89: 'Swahili',
            90: 'Kinyarwanda/Ruanda',
            91: 'Rundi',
            92: 'Nyanja/Chewa',
            93: 'Malagasy',
            94: 'Esperanto',
            128: 'Welsh',
            129: 'Basque',
            130: 'Catalan',
            131: 'Latin',
            132: 'Quenchua',
            133: 'Guarani',
            134: 'Aymara',
            135: 'Tatar',
            136: 'Uighur',
            137: 'Dzongkha',
            138: 'Javanese (Roman script)',
            139: 'Sundanese (Roman script)',
            140: 'Galician',
            141: 'Afrikaans',
            142: 'Breton',
            144: 'Scottish Gaelic',
            145: 'Manx Gaelic',
            146: 'Irish Gaelic (with dot above)',
            147: 'Tongan',
            148: 'Greek (polytonic)',
            149: 'Greenlandic',
            150: 'Azerbaijani (Roman script)'}

ISO_IDS = {
  0: '7-bit ASCII',
  1: 'ISO 10646',
  2: 'ISO 8859-1'
}

CUSTOMS = {}


PLATFORMS = {0: {'name': 'Unicode',
         'encodings': UNICODE_ENCODINGS,
         'languages': UNICODE_ENCODINGS},
       1: {'name': 'Macintosh',
         'encodings': MACINTOSH_ENCODINGS,
         'languages': MACINTOSH_LANGUAGES},
       2: {'name': 'ISO [deprecated]',
         'encodings': ISO_IDS,
         'languages': ISO_IDS},
       3: {'name': 'Windows',
         'encodings': WINDOWS_ENCODINGS,
         'languages': WINDOWS_LANGUAGES},
       4: {'name': 'Custom',
         'encodings': CUSTOMS,
         'languages': CUSTOMS}}


NAME_TABLE = {0: 'Copyright Notice',
       1: 'Font Family',
       2: 'SubFamily',
       3: 'Unique Font Identifier',
       4: 'Full Font Name',
       5: 'Version',
       6: 'PostScript Name',
       7: 'Trademark',
       8: 'Manufacturer Name',
       9: 'Designer',
       10: 'Description',
       11: 'Vendor URL',
       12: 'Designer URL',
       13: 'License Description',
       14: 'License Info URL',
       15: 'Reserved',
       16: 'Typographic Family',
       17: 'Typographic SubFamily',
       18: 'Compatible Full',
       19: 'Sample Text',
       20: 'PostScript CID findfont name',
       21: 'WWS Family Name',
       22: 'WWS SubFamily Name',
       23: 'Light Background Pallete',
       24: 'Dark Background Pallete',
       25: 'Variations PostScript Name Prefix'}


ENCODINGS = {
  "Roman": 'latin_1'
}

def parse_meta(font):
  """The main meta parsing function. Thanks to Fonttools library."""
  data = {}
  for nti in font['name'].names:
    key = nti.nameID
    platform_data = PLATFORMS[nti.platformID]
    if platform_data['name'] == 'Custom':
      encoding = {'id': 0, 'value': 'Custom'}
      language = {'id': 0, 'value': 'Custom'}
    else:
      encoding = {'id': nti.platEncID,
            'value': platform_data['encodings'].get(nti.platEncID, "Unknown")}
      language = {'id': nti.langID,
            'value': platform_data['languages'].get(nti.langID, "Unknown")}
    name_str = nti.toStr()
    field = NAME_TABLE.get(nti.nameID, False)
    if not field:
      if 26 <= nti.nameID <= 255:
        field = 'Reserved [{}]'.format(nti.nameID)
      elif 256 <= nti.nameID:
        field = 'Font Specific[{}]'.format(nti.nameID)

    data[key] = {"field": field,
          "value": name_str,
          "encoding": encoding,
          "language": language
    }
  return data

def get_font_name(data, language=None):
  language_name = data.get(4).get('language').get('value')
  font_full_name = data.get(4).get('value')

  if language is None:
    return font_full_name
  else:
    if language in language_name:
      return font_full_name
    

if __name__ == '__main__':
  from pathlib import Path
  import matplotlib.font_manager as fm
  
  ttflist=fm.FontManager().ttflist
  
  for f in ttflist:
    if Path(f.fname).suffix.lower()=='.ttf':
      # 输出字体元数据中语言包含有中文的TTF字体
      data = parse_meta(TTFont(f.fname))
      out_ttf = get_font_name(data,'Chinese')
      if out_ttf:
        print(f.fname,f.name,out_ttf)
    elif Path(f.fname).suffix.lower()=='.ttc':
      # 输出所有TTC字体中包含的字体名称信息
      ttc = TTCollection(f.fname)
      for ttf in ttc:
        ttc_data = parse_meta(ttf)
        out_ttc = get_font_name(ttc_data,'Chinese')
        if out_ttc:
          print(f.fname,f.name,out_ttc)

ttc文件很特殊，它是多个ttf文件集合，常用字体宋体、微软雅黑等在Windows10中都是ttc文件，而且奇怪的是很多语言信息不是中文的ttc字体也可以显示中文。

C:\Windows\Fonts\STHUPO.TTF STHupo 华文琥珀
C:\Windows\Fonts\mingliub.ttc MingLiU-ExtB 細明體-ExtB
C:\Windows\Fonts\mingliub.ttc MingLiU-ExtB 新細明體-ExtB
C:\Windows\Fonts\mingliub.ttc MingLiU-ExtB 細明體_HKSCS-ExtB
C:\Windows\Fonts\simkai.ttf KaiTi 楷体
C:\Windows\Fonts\STXIHEI.TTF STXihei 华文细黑
C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\Fonts\仿宋_GB2312.ttf FangSong_GB2312 仿宋_GB2312
C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\Fonts\楷体_GB2312.ttf KaiTi_GB2312 楷体_GB2312
C:\Windows\Fonts\STXINGKA.TTF STXingkai 华文行楷
C:\Windows\Fonts\STCAIYUN.TTF STCaiyun 华文彩云
C:\Windows\Fonts\simsun.ttc SimSun 宋体
C:\Windows\Fonts\simsun.ttc SimSun 新宋体
C:\Windows\Fonts\STKAITI.TTF STKaiti 华文楷体
C:\Windows\Fonts\msjhl.ttc Microsoft JhengHei 微軟正黑體 Light
C:\Windows\Fonts\msjhl.ttc Microsoft JhengHei Microsoft JhengHei UI Light
C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\Fonts\华文中宋.ttf STZhongsong 华文中宋
C:\Windows\Fonts\FZYTK.TTF FZYaoTi 方正姚体
C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\Fonts\方正卡通简体.ttf FZKaTong-M19S 方正卡通简体
C:\Windows\Fonts\simhei.ttf SimHei 黑体
C:\Windows\Fonts\方正粗黑宋简体.ttf FZCuHeiSongS-B-GB 方正粗黑宋简体
C:\Windows\Fonts\Deng.ttf DengXian 等线
C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\Fonts\FZXBSJW.TTF FZXiaoBiaoSong-B05S 方正小标宋简体
C:\Windows\Fonts\Dengl.ttf DengXian 等线 Light
C:\Windows\Fonts\msjh.ttc Microsoft JhengHei 微軟正黑體
C:\Windows\Fonts\msjh.ttc Microsoft JhengHei Microsoft JhengHei UI
C:\Windows\Fonts\msyh.ttc Microsoft YaHei 微软雅黑
C:\Windows\Fonts\msyh.ttc Microsoft YaHei Microsoft Yahei UI
C:\Windows\Fonts\STFANGSO.TTF STFangsong 华文仿宋
C:\Windows\Fonts\simfang.ttf FangSong 仿宋
C:\Windows\Fonts\SIMLI.TTF LiSu 隶书
C:\Windows\Fonts\SIMYOU.TTF YouYuan 幼圆
C:\Windows\Fonts\STLITI.TTF STLiti 华文隶书
C:\Windows\Fonts\Dengb.ttf DengXian 等线 Bold
C:\Windows\Fonts\msyhl.ttc Microsoft YaHei 微软雅黑 Light
C:\Windows\Fonts\msyhl.ttc Microsoft YaHei Microsoft YaHei UI Light
C:\Windows\Fonts\STSONG.TTF STSong 华文宋体
C:\Windows\Fonts\STXINWEI.TTF STXinwei 华文新魏
C:\Windows\Fonts\FZSTK.TTF FZShuTi 方正舒体

参考

https://matplotlib.org/api/font_manager_api.html
http://ttfquery.sourceforge.net/
https://fonttools.readthedocs.io/en/latest/ttLib/index.html

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